Human+Rights+Movement

= __Members__ =

-Chang Hwan Shin, Han Sol Jeon, Jeong Woo Ok, Sang Hyun Seo

=**__ General Information about the Human Rights Movement __**= - Human right means the right that each person simply to have as a human being. - There are manily __three types__ of human rights. ㄴRights of personal integrity ㄴCivil liberties ㄴSocial and Economic rights. - Some black leaders like Mandela Nelson and Steve Biko fought against apartheid. - Both leaders were members of ANC (African National congress) which is one of organization that fought against apertheid but it banned. - Mandela Nelson elected to president of the South Africa as first black president. - __Important timeline__ ㄴ In 1910, Union of South Africa established, with Louis Botha as first prime minister. ㄴ In 1912, South African Native National Congress/SANNC formed. ㄴ In 1914, National Party established. ㄴ In 1934, United Party formed. ㄴ In 1948, National Party wins the 'Apartheid election'. ㄴ In 1964, Nelson Mandela and other ANC leaders sentenced to life imprisonment on charges of sabotage. ㄴ In 1977, One of black leader called Steve Biko dies in police custody. ㄴ In 1990, Nelson Mandela released; ANC and 32 other opposition groups legalized. ㄴ In 1991, Most remaining partheid legislation abolished. ㄴ In 1994, Nelson Mandela elected president in the first free elections in South African history.

=**__ Causes __**=

- The decrimination between white people and black people. - Unfair government. - NP had made few laws that restrict to black people, but protect supremacy of white. - Not enough freedom that human has to have. - Excessive population because of black people. - Black people were treated very poorly. - Their wage was very low even they work for all days. - The government didnt let blacks to choose variety kind of jobs.(only labour) - 75% population was blacks, and most of them were poor. - Whites hold black labours in coumpound and didnt let them come out.(only allowed when they needed to work) - They imprisoned who is politically object in Robben Island. - In 1948, there was general election, and consituencies could choose, but all of parties were white government. they won the election, and they keep forced constituencies to elect one of NP people. this was start of apartheid in South Africa. - Black people were excluded. = __Consequences__ = - Apartheid had over in 1994. - The decrimination of black people got weaken. - The laws that supported apartheid and made racial discrimination legal we re abolished impacted the lives of many native Africans and have caused these peoples downfall in modern society. - Black government established in 1993. - Mandela established an organization called Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). - Robben Island became to a museum. It stoped to imprison black criminals. - National Pary established as a formal opposition party. __Concepts__ -In the world that we live, there are lots of rights and lots of arguments of rights however any rights cannot win Human right. Normally assertions of rights usually need bases that help assertions. However there is a right that does not need bases. It is Human right. As all people have since they are born, it is the basic rights that all people have to be respected and protected. Therefore, everybody should not segregate without any reason like skin color, sex, nation. And also it is a kind of the freedom of the religion. It defines that apply everybody whether you are in other jurisdictions. The existence, itself of human rights is influencing to politics and philosophy. And certainly all countries apply it, and each jurisdiction is judging differently.

Then, what is the range of Human rights. First of all, it is that people live as human. Second, it is the personal freedom, and independence. These rights are normally the life right, the right that protect us from unjust punishments, the right of choosing the religion, the right of our decisions, etc.

It is established over long times ago. human rights helps secure the peace, deter aggression, promote the rule of law, combat crime and corruption, strengthen democracies, and prevent humanitarian crises. = __AOI's__ = - In the human rights movement, it mainly about health and social education because it is about human rights, conflict resolutions and ethics. In human rights movements, most of black people were treated as poor people and slaves. Moreover, they were excluded and they were separated. At that period black people were treated as animals. On top of that, Afrikaner put black people in to kind of bunker or compounds and when it is time to work, whites send black people out and when they finish working, they had to come back to bunker. Their living conditions were very poor that they did not have comfortable place to sleep and they had very bad sanitation. Even though their working time was long and working environment was poor, black people get low payments. Therefore, they cannot wash well and they had to drink dirty water. This cause problem that the black people were treated as animals and because of bad living condition, they suffered and get many kinds of illness and they were exposed for getting illness. Also black people did not have enough money so when they get illness they cannot cure their illness. Therefore, in my opinion, human rights movements most connects to the Health and Social Education.

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