Civil+Rights+Movement+9R

CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT = =

** by Jin Ho Lee, Sean So, Timo Kleinod, Ann-Sharlien Ebeling ** = = =__General Information on the Civil Rights Movement__ =

== The U.S. Civil Rights Movement encompassed the fight against racial segregation in the United States, demands for full voting rights for African Americans, and the drive to end legal discrimination based on race, national origin, religion or sex. ==

= __Timeline__ = = Civil Rights during the Johnston Administration = = 1963 =

Nov 22 - The assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Lyndon B. Johnson assumes presidency.
= 1964 =

Oct 14 - Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. is named the recipient of Nobel Peace Prize.
= 1965 =

Aug 06 - President Johnson signs the voting rights act of 1965.
= 1966 =

The Black Panther Party was founded in Oakland, California to protect the blacks from police brutality.
= 1967 =

Jul 30 injured.
= 1968 =

=__Causes__ =

1) Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
==There was a story about Rosa Parks who started the civil rights movement. She was a 43 year old black woman. During that period the black people had to seat at the back of the bus. If the white people come into the bus, they had to give up their seats. On 1st December 1955, Rosa Parks was exhausted after a long day and sat on the seat. When a white man boarded the bus, segregation has said to give up the seat. But Rosa Parks said "no.” This simple act caused Rosa Parks to be arrested. As a result, this has inspired the entire city and later to entire country to protest her arrest and staged a one-day boycott of the bus system. However with the support of Montgomery 50,000 African Americans, the bus boycott lasted for 381 days until the segregating of the blacks and the whites on public buses was lifted effective November 1956. ==

==The first non violence acts against the separation of black and white people was in 1960 when some black students sat in the section of the white people and did not leave when they were asked to and therefore they were often removed with force. This act spread out from North Carolina to all around the country and later the students formed their own organization called SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee). ==

==** The Civil Rights Act was one of the strongest civil right laws in history and it was an attempt to improve the quality of life for African Americans and other minority groups. It was originally introduced by President John F. Kennedy in his civil rights speech on June 11, 1963. Subsequently, the new President, Lyndon B. Johnson from Texas, pledged his support for the civil rights and it was finally signed and passed on 2 July, 1964.** ==

==**White southerners have created laws called “Jim Crow” that took away the rights black Americans had recently been guaranteed in the Constitution. This law was used to keep black Americans owning property, receiving good paying jobs or testifying in court against a white person. Also from late 1990s to early 1900s the south society has changed where blacks and whites were kept apart by system of segregation. All public places at south were divided. For example, public lavatories, trains, courts, theatres, schools, buses, sport leagues, parks, and swimming areas. White people claimed this segregation was fair, but in reality, it was rarely true. For example, white and black both paid taxes, but then the white schools were better built and received more tax money. Whoever tried to go against to this "Jim Crow" law were often arrested, beaten or killed. White had groups such as ‘Ku Klux klan’ used murder and violence to bully blacks into submission. So Black Americans battled against Jim Crow and insisted separating the races.** ==

5) Slavery
==**The very first Africans were taken to America against their will was in about 1620 where they had to face the humiliation of being sold as slaves at a market. The slaves were forced to work in the forests, plant crops such as tobacco, toil in cotton fields and cooking in the plantation mansions. The slaves had no rights whatsoever and they were treated as property, such as a wagon or a horse. Their punishment was severe which ranged from a light whipping to ultimate death. Slavery was one of the main causes of the civil rights movement.** ==

6) Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka
==**During the 1930s, NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) lawyers took cases to the court to show that segregated schools were not equal and did not help the black American Students. In April 1951, 450 black school students who studied at Moton High School in Farmville, Virginia walked out of their school. They complained that their school did not have a cafeteria, a gym, and was really crowded with twice as many students as the building could safely hold all of them. The black teachers working there were paid a lot less than the white teachers who taught at the local white High School. Oliver Brown, a black resident was really angry that his 7 year old daughter needed to go across town just to attend a black school. There was a school that was closer, but that school only allowed white students to enter. By 1952, Oliver’s case and a few others were heard by the Supreme Court. In the court in Washington, NAACP lawyers debated that the separation of black and white students made them feel less important. Shocking the nation, the justices wrote that separating the schools did discriminate against black students. The court then ruled that segregation in school was against the law. This then started the Civil Rights Movement.** ==

7) March on Washington
== The March on Washington was a crucial event in the Civil Rights Movement. Thousands of blacks and white supporters of this event and on the 28th August 1963, more than 250,000 supporters filled the National Mall in front of the Lincoln Memorial to protest the segregation. Dozens of civil rights leaders and speakers gave speeches at the podium including Martin Luther King who delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech. The speech highlighted a color-blind society that built on trust and love and hence has become a classic statement of the Civil Rights Movement. ==

= __Consequences__ = =__Short Term__ :=

==- Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream Speech" led the civil rights movement with his powerful and influential speeches which aroused in public protests and demonstrations fighting and protecting for their black American rights.- The organization of The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People battled racism in the United States and promoted equality of rights and race prejudice.==

- The arrest of Rosa Parks had spurred a massive resistance movement and eventually made some progress in the schools and other public facilities in the upper South and the Border States.
==- The Civil Rights Act was originally submitted by President John F. Kennedy to the Congress in 1963 but sadly to say that his assassination prevented him from turning the bill into law. His successor, President Lyndon B. Johnson then passed the bill and believed that all men are entitled to the blessings of liberty and enjoyed their rights.== = =

=__Long Term__ :=

==Like other movements that faced furious opposition, the Civil Rights Movement fortunately did not turn violent and instead it battled racism which stirred the conscience of the society and changed the hearts as well as the minds of the people.== ==The impact of the Civil Rights Movement is visible and today, people who look at things from a different perspective and who hold different beliefs can still come together to be part of the same community. Hopefully, this movement can create and sustain a society in which all of us can be equal with a spirit of harmony and remembers the concept of national community.== . = = =**__Concepts__** =

==Congress - US government body that makes new laws. It consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Discrimination - To treat people much worse than others basing on their race or gender. == ==Jim Crow - Term used to describe the segregated society created by the law in the late nineteenth century in the South. == ==Ku Klux Klan - Group formed after the American Civil War that was determined to keep the white people in power and separating the black Amercians and white Americans by using terrorist tactics. Segregation - The separation of two or more races in public spaces through law and custom. ==

=Major features of the Civil Rights Act 1964 = =Title I = ==Guaranteed equal voting rights by removing registration requirements and procedures biased against minorities and the underprivileged. ==

<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #800080; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 굴림mso-font-kerning;">Title II
==<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Prohibited segregation or discrimination in places of public accommodation which meant that black people would no longer be excluded from restaurants, hotels, bars, cinemas, sports stadium and gas stations. ==

<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #800080; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 굴림mso-font-kerning;">Title III
==<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 굴림; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: 굴림; msofontkerning: 18.0pt;">Prohibited segregation or discrimination in places of public facilities. ==

<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #800080; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 굴림mso-font-kerning;">Title IV
==<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 굴림; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: 굴림; msofontkerning: 18.0pt;">Encouraged the desegregation of public schools. ==

<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #800080; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 굴림mso-font-kerning;">Title V
==<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 굴림; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: 굴림; msofontkerning: 18.0pt;">Expanded the duties of Civil Rights Commission with additional powers, rules and procedures. ==

<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #800080; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 굴림mso-font-kerning;">Title VI
==<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #000000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Prevented discrimination and in the distribution of funds under federally assisted programs and if found in violation, the agency would lose its federal funding. ==

<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #800080; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 굴림mso-font-kerning;">Title VII
==<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 굴림; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: 굴림; msofontkerning: 18.0pt;">Prohibition of job discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin as well as the creation of the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission. ==

<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #800080; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 굴림mso-font-kerning;">Title VIII
==<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 굴림; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: 굴림; msofontkerning: 18.0pt;">Required compilation of voter-registration and voting data in geographic areas specified by the Commission on Civil Rights. ==

<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #800080; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 굴림mso-font-kerning;">Title IX
==<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 굴림; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: 굴림; msofontkerning: 18.0pt;">Moved civil rights cases from state courts with segregationists judges and all white juries to federal courts. ==

<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #800080; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 굴림mso-font-kerning;">Title X
==<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 굴림; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: 굴림; msofontkerning: 18.0pt;">Established the Community Relations Service whose primary role was to assist in community disputes involving claims of discrimination based on color. ==

= __Areas of Interaction__ =

__Health and Social Education__
==**The Civil rights movement is related to health and social education, because this organization participated in the civil rights movement. For example, in 1960 some black students were seen sitting beside white students and they did not move when they were asked to, therefore they were removed with force. Subsequently these students formed their own organization called SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) whereby it achieved the most important breakthrough in equal rights for the blacks.**==

__Community Service and Human Ingenuity__
== The Civil Rights Movement is also connected to community service and human ingenuity because of this movement, the entire nation was able to see and learn the first hand information and speeches from their President as well as other national leaders and civil rights speakers. The Rosa Parks boycott event by refusing to ride the buses for one day showed the human willingness to respond to the needs of others and positive action for the community in which the bus companies would lose money and are forced to abolish the segregation policy. == ==Although the Civil Rights Act of 1964 may not resolve all problems of discrimination, at least it did lessen racial restrictions on the use of public facilities, provide more job opportunities for the blacks, strengthen the voting rights, and limit the federal funding of discriminatory programs.== = __**Primary Source Assessment**__ = = =

The Civil Rights Era (Library of Congress)
<span style="color: rgb(128,0,0);"> =<span style="color: rgb(128,0,0);"> = =<span style="color: rgb(128,0,0);">Bibliography =

[|http://www.lbjlib.u.texas.edu/Johnson/lbjforkids/civil_timeline.shtm]
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