Russian+Revolution+9R

Introduction
The Russian Revolution of 1917 is also called the Bolshevik Revolution or the October Revolution. In 1917 there were actually two revolutions in Russia. One was the February Revolution in which the Tsar abdicated his throne and the Provisional Government took power. The other was the October Revolution in which the Provisional Government was overthrown by the Bolsheviks.

The Russian Revolution of 1917 played a very important role in world history and also a major role in the history of the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Baltic peoples also played a major role in the 1917 Revolution, particularly the Latvian Bolsheviks who comprised a key portion of the Red Guards that defended the Bolsheviks at a crucial time in its early existence.

Earlier, during the 1905 Revolution in Russia, the peasants in the Baltic took this as their cue to revolt against their rulers. At different times in history, the Estonian and Latvian peasants had been ruled by Tsarist Russia, the Kingdom of Sweden, and the Baltic German nobility; Lithuanian peasants were governed by Russia and before it, by the Kingdom of Poland (1569 to 1791). They saw this time period as an opportunity to finally take control over their destiny and to rule them selves. Though it didn't lead to independence at this time, it independence did emerge from 1918 till 1940 for the people of the Baltic States. Finally; Lenin, famous character who will have the most transformed old Russia, based and steered the Bolshevik part and was a leader of the revolution of October, but also a founder of the USSR. Russian Revolution took place in 1917, during the final phase of World War I.

Causes
• Widespread suffering under autocracy—a form of government in which one person, in this case the czar, has absolute power  • Weak leadership of Czar Nicholas II—clung to autocracy despite changing times  • Poor working conditions, low wages, and hazards of industrialization  • New revolutionary movements that believed a worker-run government should replace czarist rule  • Russian defeat in the Russo-Japanese War (1905), which led to rising unrest  • Bloody Sunday, the massacre of unarmed protestors outside the palace, in 1905  • Devastation of World War I—high casualties, economic ruin, widespread hunger  <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• The March Revolution in 1917, in which soldiers who were brought in for crowd control ultimately joined labor activists in calling “Down with the autocracy!” immediate consequences of Feb. revolution include the removal of the Romanov as the rulers of Russia, a position they'd enjoyed since 1613 (Mikhail Romanov commencing). as you know the Russians were involved in ww1 at this time, but Kerensky was not interested in ending that war, so on it went.

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now, leading up to the Oct. revolution there are some consequences from the feb. revolution. this perceived power vacuum called Vladimir Lenin back into Russia. at this point he and the Bolsheviks began planning their coup. there were disagreements about whether or not they should do within the party, but we all know how that turned out.======

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The Russian Revolution was one of the most important events in modern world history. Its impact was evident in both Europe and America. Although the Revolution did not directly spread Communism, it did give various other struggling third world countries an enticing example to follow. Decades later, the philosophy/governmental model would gain new notoriety as Russia, now a full communist state, squared off with the United States in the Cold War.======

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In any case, the two Revolutions of 1917 were broken down into two main parts: the overthrow of the tsarist regime (February Revolution) and the creation of the world?s first Communist state (October Revolution). The causes of these two revolutions encompass Russia?s political, social, and economic situation. Politically, the people of Russia resented the dictatorship of Tsar Nicholas II. The losses that the Russians suffered during World War I further weakened Russia?s view of Nicholas. Socially, the despotic tsarist regime had oppressed the peasant class for centuries. This caused unrest within the lower peasant class causing riots to break out. Economically, widespread inflation and famine in Russia contributed to the revolution.======

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The economic causes of the Russian Revolution were based largely on the Czar's mis-management, compounded by World War I. Over fifteen million men joined the army, which left an insufficient number of workers in the factories and on the farms. The result was widespread shortages of food and materials. Factory workers had to endure terrible working conditions, including twelve to fourteen hour days and low wages. Many riots and strikes for better conditions and higher wages broke out. Although some factories agreed to the requests for higher wages, wartime inflation nullified the increase. There was one protest to which Nicholas responded with violence (see Causes: Political); in response, industrial workers went on strike and effectively paralyzed the railway and transportation networks. What few supplies were available could not be effectively transported. As goods became more and more scarce, prices skyrocketed. By 1917, famine threatened many of the larger cities. Nicholas's failure to solve his country's economic suffering and communism's promise to do just that comprised the core of the Revolution.======

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The social causes of the Russian Revolution mainly stemmed from centuries of oppression towards the lower classes by the Czarist regime and Nicholas's failures in World War I. Roughly 85% of the Russian people were peasants, under harsh oppression from the upper classes and the Czarist regime. Serfdomis most often associated with the Middle Ages, yet it accurately describes the social situation in Russia under Nicholas: A small class of noble landowners controlled a vast number of indentured peasants. In 1861, Czar Alexander II of Russia emancipated these peasants not for moral reasons, but because it was preventing Russia from advancing socially. This newfound freedom was of limited use, however, since they now had no land to work. As a result, the government drafted new terms that gave the peasants set amounts of land to cultivate. However, the amount of land they were given was insufficient, thus mass riots broke out. World War I only added to the chaos. The vast demand for factory production of war supplies and workers caused many more labor riots and strikes. In addition, because more factory workers were needed, peasants moved out of the country and into the cities, which soon became overpopulated, and living conditions rapidly grew worse. Furthermore, as more food was needed for the soldiers, the food supply behind the front grew scarce. By 1917, famine threatened many of the larger cities. Overall, all of the aforementioned contributed to the vast discontent of the Russian citizens, which further motivated the Revolution.======

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The Political aspect of the Russian Revolution is essentially the combination or result of the Social and Economic problems created by the dictatorship of Czar Nicholas II. Since at least 1904, Russia's lower class workers had faced a dire economic situation.======

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Most of them were working 11 hour days. Health and safety provisions were dismal, and wages were falling. There were numerous strikes and protests as time went on. Almost all of these were either ignored by Nicholas or broken up, often in a violent and deadly fashion (see Bloody Sunday). His failed attempt at conquest in and around Manchuria was also very unpopular with the people. Some in the educated classes (many educated in the West) of Russia also resented the autocracy of Nicholas. In 1915, things took a critical turn for the worse when Nicholas decided to take direct command of the army, personally overseeing Russia's main warfront and leaving his incapable wife Alexandra in charge of the government. By the end of October 1916, Russia had lost between 1.6 and 1.8 million soldiers, with an addition two million prisoners of war and one million who had gone missing, which likely did little for the army's morale. Mutinies began to occur, and in 1916 reports of fraternizing with the enemy started to circulate. Soldiers went hungry and lacked shoes, munitions, and even weapons. Rampant discontent lowered morale, only to be further undermined by a series of military defeats. Nicholas was blamed, and what little support he had left began to crumble. As this discontent and utter hate of Nicholas grew, the State Duma (lower class of Russian parliament comprised of landowners, townspeople, industrial workers, and peasants) issued a warning to Nicholas in November 1916 stating that disaster would overtake the country unless a constitutional form of government was put in place. In typical fashion, Nicholas ignored them. As a result, Russia's Czarist regime collapsed a few months later during the February Revolution of 1917. A year later, the Czar and his family were executed. Ultimately, Nicholas's inept handling of his country and the War destroyed the Czarist regime and cost him both his rule and his life.======

<span style="font-size: 160%; color: rgb(251, 142, 243); font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Consequences
<span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• The government is taken over by the Bolshevik Party, led by V. I. Lenin; later, it will be known as the Communist Party. <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Farmland is distributed among farmers, and factories are given to workers. <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Banks are nationalized and a national council is assembled to run the economy. <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Russia pulls out of World War I, signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, conceding much land to Germany. <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Czarist rule ends. Nicholas II, his wife and five children are executed. <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Civil war, between Bolshevik (“red”) and anti-Bolshevik (“white”) forces, sweeps Russia from 1918 to 1920. Around 15 million die in conflict and the famine <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• The Russian economy is in shambles. Industrial production drops, trade all but ceases, and skilled workers flee the country. <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">• Lenin asserts his control by cruel methods such as the Gulag, a vast and brutal network of prison camps for both criminals and political prisoners. <span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">

All the people below have in some way or another be a part of the russian revolution, they have had an influence on the lives of other and much more. They have made changes in good and bad ways. And looking at how they died most of them were killed in one way or another.

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While the Revolution of 1848 proved a unilateral failure, the effects of the revolt proved highly influential in the course of late 19th-century and early 20th-century Europe. The counterrevolution returned to power many of the same governments that had ruled before the unrest began. These governments, however, were also influenced by the revolution—and more significantly by their desire to thwart the return of the revolutionary fervor.======

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The most lasting influence of the revolution was the solidification of a compromise between the old monarchical institutions and the rising middle class. From 1848 until World War I, these two social groups made an effective alliance, supplanting the idea of class struggle with cooperation. With the state—that is, the monarchical governments backed by the military—safeguarding the well-being of the middle class, the second half of the 19th century proved to be an era of unprecedented economic growth and prosperity. Cooperation between the state and the middle classes in much of Europe, therefore, paved the way for the acceleration and expansion of business, trade, and industry.======

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Cooperation between the state and the middle class was also evident in the realm of politics. Having learned firsthand the wrath and power of the people, the states affected by revolution in 1848 largely accepted some form of suffrage, if only for the landowning minority. Even Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, who oversaw the repeal of suffrage for millions of citizens in 1851, eventually realized the value of popular support and reintroduced universal suffrage. The introduction of electoral mass processes, while usually for consultative bodies rather that legislative ones, was nevertheless one of the lasting results of the Revolution of 1848.======

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In Germany and Italy, the Revolution of 1848 proved a harbinger of political unification that would ultimately come about in the 1860s and 1870s. In Italy, the events of 1848 not only brought the goal of unification to the forefront, but they also introduced the man who would play the primary role in making the unification of Italy a reality: [|Giuseppe Garibaldi]. Garibaldi, who led the valiant defense of the Roman Republic, would prove to be one of the most enduring figures of the tumultuous year, returning to prominence in the 1860s as the military leader of Italian unification.======

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In Hungary and the lands of Eastern Europe, the nationalism unleashed by the Revolution of 1848 unleashed powerful forces the lingering effects of which remained evident into the 21st century. In Hungary, the strength and breadth of the nationalist movement proved enduring. As a result, in 1867 Francis Joseph of Austria elevated Hungary to the status of equality with Austria, and the Austria-Hungary Empire was formed to replace the fading Hapsburg Empire. In other regions of the old Hapsburg Empire, however, nationalist ambitions among other ethnic minorities went unfulfilled, creating explosive conditions that came to the fore at the start of World War I.======

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The most profound long-term effects of the Revolution of 1848, however, were felt in the country that emerged in the last days of the conflict to serve as the gendarme of conservative order—the Russian Empire. While ideas of liberalism, Romanticism, and nationalism that sparked the Revolution of 1848 began to lose their force in much of Europe, they found fertile ground in the autocratic lands of the Russian Empire. Promoted by such thinkers as Aleksandr Herzen and Mikhail Bakunin—who witnessed the events of 1848 firsthand in Western Europe—these ideas profoundly influenced a later generation of radicals in the realm of the czars. Moreover, Marx, who briefly came to the fore in 1848 but whose ideas were quickly forgotten by all but the most ardent socialists in Western Europe, found an avid audience among the radical, late–19th-century Russian intelligentsia. When, some seven decades later, revolution once again burst forth on the continent of Europe, it occurred not in the lands of Western and Central Europe but within the Russian Empire. However, the ideas and beliefs that guided the Russian Revolution of 1917 were profoundly shaped in the cauldron of the Revolution of 1848. ====== <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 183); font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">

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<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 255); font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif; font-size: 160%;">Concepts i think that the russian revolution was both good and bad. although the old autocracy that the tsar had was toppled and the people enjoyed a few years of prosperity under the communist regime, unfortunately it didnt work for long. due to the nature of the governments system many people starved. add to this the fact that anyone who spoke out against the regime were shipped off to Siberia to cut trees down. over all, the revolution was started caused of unsatisfactions, communism was planned out well, however didn't work as well as it was planned therefore it wasn't so successful after all.======

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I believe that the Russian Revolution is connected to Human Ingenuity because the Russian revolution were people who believed they were changing the things which they use to know, into something better where they had more say and could get better lives. However going through the revolution this did not seem to be happening, yes the revolution happened there was brought change however not for the better, people who became leaders where only interested in the power, and seemed to forget why they had been fighting to become leaders. The development and change was there however the solution didn’t seem like what was planed ahead. However that is how it happened for people overall, some people leaders who brought only bad to the community got what they wanted they persuaded people that this was for the best, when all along all they were thinking about were them selves and what they could get out of this revolution. Health and Social Education is also an AOI that is very much connected to the Russian revolution. Because this revolution was all about human rights and civil rights, along with cultural awareness and morals, but somehow they were all stepped on by the turns the revolution decided to take. And just as the revolution started to progress and people started seeing the changes thinking that everything was much better now, they were hit by the fact that things were never really changed it just seemed like it. I am not saying that Russian has not developed in many ways, I am just saying that the interests of the people were not kept as promised.======

<span style="color: rgb(255, 229, 0); font-size: 160%; font-family: Impact, Charcoal, sans-serif;">Primary Source Assessment- ex. video
[|russian revolution: http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=FD68CA5F-68D8-42E8-9DF6-9141D910C2B0&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US]

[|lenin: http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=FD68CA5F-68D8-42E8-9DF6-9141D910C2B0&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US]

<span style="font-size: 160%; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; color: rgb(133, 134, 244);"> Bibliography "**Revolution of 1848**." __Britannica Student Encyclopedia__. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online School Edition. 12 Mar. 2009 <[]>. "Causes of the Russian Revolution." __Russian Revolution 1917__. 2005. 7 Apr. 2009 <http://www.spiritus-temporis.com/russian-revolution-of-1917/causes-of-the-russian-revolution.html>. causes-of-the-russian-revolution.html>.

Russian Revolution. Discovery Channel School. 2004. Discovery Education. 7 April 2009 <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; color: #323232; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/>

Russian Revolution. Discovery Channel School. 2004. Discovery Education. 7 April 2009 []

enin. United Learning. 1989. Discovery Education. 7 April 2009 []